Mesolithic Activity around the Pennines

 

Archaeological Evidence of Neolithic and Mesolithic Activity in the Pennines: Case Studies and Discoveries

In the 1890s, a series of field visits and excavations conducted by the local Antiquarian and Historical Society around Blackstone Edge, near Rochdale, unearthed a wealth of prehistoric artefacts. Among these were various microliths and flints, found across different time periods. These artefacts are still being discovered in the area today, confirming the historical significance of the site.

One key location of interest is 'Robin Hood’s Bed,' which has been identified as a flint tool production site. Additionally, Windy Hill, located between Littleborough and Milnrow, yielded a substantial number of prehistoric finds in 2000, including scrapers and small knives. These tools were typically crafted from local flint, which could be found at a depth of approximately one metre beneath the surface. Another notable discovery was the presence of 'Yorkshire Brown' flint, a material also found in the Yorkshire Wolds, further highlighting the region's archaeological importance.

The distribution of prehistoric artefacts extends beyond Blackstone Edge, with findings stretching along the Pennine Chain and into Saddleworth. Pule Hill, in particular, has also yielded a significant array of evidence. These discoveries provide insight into Neolithic activity in the central Pennine region, with a clear pattern of coexistence between Neolithic and Mesolithic artefacts.

Neolithic artefacts found in the area include stone and flint axes, which are estimated to date from approximately 3,250 to 1,750 BC. Similar tools have been discovered in various locations, such as Milnrow (flint axe), Bacup, Medlock Valley, and Oldham (adzes). These artefacts contribute to our understanding of the prehistoric occupation of the Pennines, with a particular focus on tool-making and resource use.

Notably, there are distinct distribution patterns for Mesolithic and Neolithic tools and weapons. Most of these artefacts have been found along the slopes of valleys, suggesting specific areas of activity. Further analysis has revealed that the stone used for many of these tools originated from distant regions, such as Cumbria, North Wales, and even Northern Ireland. A particularly interesting discovery was a flint axe head made of porcelite, found in Belfield, near Rochdale, which is believed to have originated from central Ireland.

These archaeological finds paint a vivid picture of prehistoric life in the Pennines, providing valuable evidence of Neolithic and Mesolithic activity across the region. The variety and distribution of tools and materials found offer essential insights into the movement, trade, and daily lives of prehistoric communities in this part of northern England.

Mesolithic and Neolithic Archaeological Findings (10,000 BC – 3,500 BC)

During the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods, spanning from around 10,000 BC to 3,500 BC, significant archaeological evidence has been uncovered, particularly in the Pennine region. Key sites for stone implements and tool discoveries were often located on the upper slopes and river valleys, indicating these areas were important for prehistoric human settlement and activity.

The majority of these sites were temporary enclosures, used by nomadic tribes who followed a seasonal pattern of hunting and gathering. These tribes moved across the landscape, using different locations as seasonal bases for tool production, food collection, and other survival activities. The presence of these temporary camps provides valuable insights into the lifestyle and practices of early human communities.

Archaeological finds from this period stretch across the Pennine Chain, extending into areas such as Saddleworth. Pule Hill is another notable location that has provided a diverse range of evidence, confirming the extent of Neolithic and Mesolithic activity in the region. The variety of artefacts discovered in the central Pennines highlights the presence of both Mesolithic and Neolithic communities, who utilised these areas for a range of activities, from hunting to tool-making.

Notable Neolithic artefacts discovered in the Pennines include stone and flint axes, dating from approximately 3,250 BC to 1,750 BC. These tools have been found in various locations, such as Milnrow (flint axe), Bacup, Medlock Valley, and Oldham (adzes). The distribution and diversity of these tools illustrate the significance of the Pennine region during the Neolithic period and provide important evidence of early human occupation and activity.